To demonstrate the utility of a standard ontology for virus biology, this work was completed by annotating virus data in the ViralZone, UniProtKB and Gene Ontology databases. For example Zika virus “entry” is broken down in successive steps: “Attachment”, “Apoptotic mimicry”, “Viral endocytosis/ macropinocytosis”, “Fusion with host endosomal membrane”, “Viral factory”. Each of these parts is broken down into discrete steps. Using this ontology, it can be represented by a combination of successive terms: “entry”, “latency”, “transcription”, “replication” and “exit”. The virus life-cycle is classically described by schematic pictures. New terminology was developed to address unique viral replication cycle processes, and existing terminology was modified and adapted. To facilitate standardizing data, a simple ontology of viral life-cycle terms was developed to provide a common vocabulary for annotating data sets. All these processes were investigated and indexed in ViralZone knowledge base. Viruses are genetically diverse, infect a wide range of tissues and host cells and follow unique processes for replicating themselves.
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